Why Evolution Is True Free Essay Example, 3000 words

However, the most scientifically accepted theory on the origin of life is the theory of evolution. Evolution means a gradual development of an organism from a simple state to the complex structure. This concept of gradual development was first discussed by Lamarck, who proposed a theory that evolution was due to the passage of physically acquired traits from parent to offspring. Charles Darwin later, in 1859, proposed a more clear theory that stated that evolution of life was; as a result, of natural selection (Coyne, 2009). Scientific understanding of evolution A French biologist, Jean Baptiste de Lamarck argued that through use and non- use of body organs, species underwent changes to adapt to the changing environment, those changes were passed to their offspring and thus, as a result, of many accumulated changes the emergence of complex organisms. According to Lamarck, the modification of organisms current form are caused by the changes in the surrounding environment and the organisms attempts to adapt to the changes. For instance, Lamarck believed that giraffes had to stretch their necks to reach for food and so their offspring and later generations were born with elongated necks. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Evolution Is True or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now However, Lamarck’s argument has been widely criticized and disproved because biologically, and acquired traits are not inherited. Despite his attempts to illustrate how acquired traits are passed from parents to their offspring, Lamarck lacked concrete supporting evidence. This theory was disapproved in several ways. First, experiments performed by critiques showed that acquired traits are not passed to the offspring. Examples, an athlete who is masculine due to daily exercising, their offspring did not come automatically masculine. The other way that Lamarck’s theory was disproved was through the study of genetics which showed parents traits are passed to their offspring through genes. Genes however do not carry physically acquired traits. Several years after Lamarck proposed his theory, an English naturalist Charles Darwin in his book The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection proposed a different but a more substantiated evolution mechanism. It stated that all living organisms originated from a common simplistic descendant to the complex creatures present and the difference is due to a collection of different traits useful to particular organisms. The idea came to him in a 5 year voyage aimed at exploring flora and fauna of different continents and islands. From September 1854, he devoted his entire time compiling, observing and experimenting of the relation of transmutation of species (Francis, 2007).

Analysis Of The Kite Runner - 2368 Words

Mert Sehri ENG 4U1 October 21st, 2014 Mr. Dewar Highway to Amir’s Redemption and Baba’s Grief The Kite Runner is the first novel of Afghan-American author Khaled Hosseini. It tells the story of Amir, a boy from Kabul, Afghanistan, whose closest friend is Hassan, a young Hazara servant. Novel turns around these two characters and Baba, Amir’s father, by telling their tragic stories, guilt and redemption that are woven throughout the novel. Even in the difficult moments, characters build up to their guilt and later on to their redemption. Their sins and faults alter the lives of innocent people. First, Amir and Baba fail to take action on the path to justice for Ali and Hassan. Moreover, Amir and Baba continue to build up their guilt due to their decisions and actions. Although Amir builds up more guilt than Baba throughout the novel, he eventually succeeds in the road to redemption unlike his father. After all, Amir and Baba have many chances to fix their atonements but Baba chooses not to and Amir does. Baba u ses his wealth to cover up his sins but never atone himself while Amir decides to stand up and save Sohrab and finally finds peace. Amir and Baba’s reaction to sins essentially indicate their peace of mind and how they react to guilt and injustice. Amir and Baba do not try to involve themselves with Hassan and Ali. Just like when Amir starts to understand the low social status Hassan has and accept the status quo. He says â€Å"That Hassan would grow up illiterate like AliShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of The Kite Runner1090 Words   |  5 Pages– H 31 October 2017 Consequences of War: A Critical Analysis of the Kite Runner On a day to day basis, an individual is faced with an obstacle they must overcome, ultimately defining their morals and values. In the literature perspective, the novel The Kite Runner delivers multiple thematic ideas that portray the struggles of characters in their ordinary lives. Khaled Hosseini, author and physician, released his debut novel The Kite Runner in the year of 2003. This novel is written in the firstRead MoreThematic Analysis Of The Kite Runner 1377 Words   |  6 PagesThematic Analysis of the Kite Runner John Piper once said, â€Å"Redemption is not perfection, the redeemed must realize their mistakes.† One can see an idea similar to this in Kahled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner. In the story, the author sends the message that redemption can be a lifelong pursuit, and until achieved, happiness will not be obtained. The first time the reader is introduced to the theme comes at a time when Amir is feeling as though he is not deserving of his fathers appreciation. â€Å"BecauseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner 1016 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the dictionary redemption means â€Å" The act of saving from sin†. The kite Runner is about two boys that goes through violence and betrayal in Kabul, Afghanistan. One of the main characters Amir decided not to help his best friend caused their conflicts to grow. This reveals the theme of redemption throughout the Kite Runner. Most importantly, there is a motivation behind why Amir battles very nearly his whole existence with reclamation and that is on the grounds that Amir s hirelingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner1078 Words   |  5 Pages The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, a story of a boy as he unravels his journey throughout his life. The novel consists of multiple themes such as love, friendship, betrayal, guilt, , secrets, loyalty, and redemption. As the main character, Amir recalls his past events, all of these themes start to unravel specific events that occurred in his life. â€Å"There is a way to be good again† (Hosseini 2) is where the novel unfolds the deep dark life of Amir’s regret and guilt, Baba’s secret, and Hassan’sRead MoreThe Kite Runner Analysis1237 Words   |  5 Pageshow political power such as the Taliban can bring out the evil in people but he also demonstrates how there is oppressive male power in relationships that also brings out the same human nature. He uses overbearing masculine characters in the The Kite Runner and gender roles to express how men were given the right to act in such horrific ways towards women. In Afghanistan there are many restrictions aga inst women. Men have control over their wives and girlfriends. They have the dominant power and sinceRead MoreThe Kite Runner Analysis772 Words   |  4 PagesThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini was a touching book that revolved around loyalty within a friendship. The friendship between Hassan and Amir had some difficulties. A true friendship can be hard to find(,) but can be one of the most vital things to being truly happy. Both Hassan and Amir had proven their loyalty to each other by the end of The Kite Runner. Loyalty was a crucial part in Hassan and Amir’s friendship.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning, Hassan was not only loyal to Amir because that was his dutyRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Kite Runner 1899 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Analysis of The Kite Runner â€Å"It may be unfair, but what happens in a few days, sometimes even a single day, can change the course of a whole lifetime†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (142). Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner unfolds the story of the affluent youth Amir and his servant friend Hassan, who are separated by a traumatizing sexual assault and the 1979 Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan. Despite a fresh start in San Francisco, Amir is devoured by guilt for failing to protect his loyal friend. Many years laterRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Kite Runner 1229 Words   |  5 PagesShyanne Nobles Ms. Mastrokyriakos English 4A Literary Analysis on â€Å"The Kite Runner† Edward Michael a British adventurer, writer and television presenter of Man vs. Wild always says â€Å"survival can be summed up in three words - never give up. That’s the heart of it really. Just keep trying†. The Kite Runner is a fictional book with a heartbreaking plot and struggling characters that are easily sympathetic to the readers. An Afghani child that has to make life changing decisions at such a young ageRead MoreThe Kite Runner Analysis 1844 Words   |  8 PagesTherefore, being a father is very difficult, having to overcome obstacles and being strong for each other. A well-known saying â€Å"like father, like son† is evident in this novel by the different ties of relationship each character had. In the novel, The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini proves that there is need of a fatherly figure when growing up. Having a father-son bond helps the child differentiate right from wrong. The relationship which demonstrates the need of a father figure is depic ted by Baba and AmirRead MoreAnalysis Of The Kite Runner 1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kite Runner’s plot is centered on the story of Amir, a young boy who grew up in Afghanistan with his father, and friend, Hassan. Amir was raised without a mother, and had no womanly influence in his life until he was married. This lack of women in the storyline has caused some to argue that the novel is demeaning to women (Gomez). The vulgar language and explicit themes are seen as demoralizing towards the female gender (Schaub). In the novel the women are required to remain committed and submissive

Human Services Skills Free Essays

Recently, released from prison Todd and Reggie, in an interracial relationship are seeking couples counseling and are both having a difficult time integrating into society. They have no one on the outside that is able to help them. Reggie is still on probation while Todd is done. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Services Skills or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both men have come in for couples counseling however there may be more issues in their relationship that needs to be worked on. The human service professional is there to empower the clients to help to find and locate resources needed to make meaningful changes and ability to trust and respect one another. Human service professionals are in the business of helping. It is the goal to provide people with the basic needs in order to help individuals sustain and maintain a better and healthier lifestyle. The human service professional will take on many roles, job titles and descriptions, such as counselor, interventionists, social worker, substance abuse counselor all of which in Todd and Reggie’s case are needed. She may need to use techniques such as open-ended questions, paraphrasing and reflecting into the lives in order to identify and to clarify the problems that are plaguing Todd and Reggie. Personal values, beliefs, prejudices and stereotypes can help or harm the helping process, I think it would do both harm as well as help. I would generally be hesitant in the beginning of meeting with Todd and Reggie only because of my personal values and of my Christian beliefs but again that is only my initial thought. They have sought out help and that is the reason the human professional is there to assist. I’m sure that these feelings pass through all HS professional minds. Stereotypes lead to prejudice and prejudice leads to negative biases, poorly informed opinions, or unjustified assumptions about individuals who belong to a certain group or fit into a particular category (Murphy, Dillion 2010). In order to comply with Reggie and Todd, all those feelings and beliefs will have to be put aside in order to fully help them both. If not there would be more harm than help. Human service professionals should be trained extensively to work with same sex realtionships. â€Å"If therapists fail to invest in personal exploration before working with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients, they are at risk for potentially harming clients, because they may unknowingly project their own issues onto clients or miss key components of assessment or intervention† (Godfrey et al. , 2006). Potential ethical and legal issues surrounding this case and my obligations, probably would be the confidentiality requirements it is also my ethical issue to report any information I may have about either individual hurting the other I think with all of their drug and abuse issues I feel that if not addressed it may become a problem. Since Todd has already voiced his fear of Reggie and of his alcohol and drug abuse and physical abuse piled on with the stress Reggie is already feeling, I may fear Todd could possibly be in danger. And it would be my obligation to report such actions if it arises, also Reggie is still on probation which could endanger his freedom if he violates it. Because Reggie and Todd have come in seeking couples counseling, I must first address how good it was for them to come in, it shows how important their relationship is to each other trying to save what they have. First I will go through the confidentiality and ethical requirements. I will advise them of the process of how we will be addressing each issue. And that maybe later I will ask to speak individually with them both, it seems as Todd is the speaker and Reggie does not have much to say while Todd is in the room and this might give me a better idea on Reggie’s concerns as an individual. See how we can incorporate the help of family members to help in the relationship. I feel it may be able to alleviate some of the family stress they both are feeling. It may also help relieve some stress and anxiety on both Reggie and Todd. And next the importance of seeing how abuse will continue to weigh heavy on the relationship if not addressed soon. Then this maybe just a brief description of some of the issues that need immediate attention, but after collecting and gathering all the information on both Reggie and Todd we can discuss the possible outcome and the effects of counseling and how each of the individual feel and any concerns they may have, then we can hope to achieve their goals. How to cite Human Services Skills, Papers

Initiatives to Develop Singapore as a Legal Hub

Question: (a) Compare and contrast arbitration and litigation. Explain why arbitration may be preferred by the disputing parties in certain situations.Describe and discuss two (2) real-life situations in which arbitration was a preferred means of dispute resolution. You can review and research into online and other publicly available sources of information relating to such scenarios.(b) Recommend an arbitration venue (and identify a specific arbitration centre in that venue) in Asia. Provide reasons to support your recommendation. You can conduct additional research to supplement the notes in the textbook and study guide.(c) In 2014, the Singapore International Mediation Centre (SIMC) was established and a Bill was passed in the Singapore parliament to set up the Singapore International Commercial Court (SICC).Discuss and analyse three (3) key reasons why there may be a growing demand by the international businesss community for such venues. You should review and research into online and other publicly available sources of information for your analysis. Answer: (a) Due to growth in the trade there is also increase in the number of disputes. This also includes foreign parties involved in the disputed and hence the traditional method litigation through courts does not give satisfactory results. It is said that the parties from other countries face the litigation process in the other national courts as a difficult system as they are not familiar with it. The litigation process is said to be a time consuming and costly system. Litigation is conducted in home country and the foreign parties claim that the home country gives benefit of doubt to its nationals which do not make the whole dispute resolution method fair. It is also accompanied with various social, political and cultural factors. Ultimately it is said that litigation does not give the desired result and so not an appropriate method of resolving dispute. Due to this the people go for another alternative method for dispute resolution. One alternative resolution is arbitration. This is a private method of resolution of dispute used by parties. The parties choose this method as it consists of one or more arbitrators who form an impartial tribunal. The parties to be on a safe side enter a clause in the agreement to choose arbitration as a mode for dispute resolution before signing the contract. This is done so that this mode will be taken if and when a dispute arises between the parties. Arbitration is chosen over litigation because it gives the parties an option to adopt the procedural framework which both the parties can adopt. There is no partiality or discrimination on the basis of different culture, language or legal and geographical background.(Spooner Moseley, ). Arbitration has also been used in the case of A. Bianchi S.R.L. v. Bilumen Lighting Ltd., 1990, where there was a dispute between Bianchi and Bilumen with regard to exclusive right to collect, trade and allocate its products in Canada and the United States. In the agreement between the parties there was arbitration clause to be used in case of any dispute. Bianchi went for the judicial proceedings for claim for damages due to breach of contract. The proceedings went and the judgment was made. But Bilumen filed a motion for discharge of the action, directing to the arbitration clause. Bianchi said it to be tact to get away with the decision made by the court. The court held that invoking the arbitration clause of the agreement and all the steps taken in judicial proceedings shall not rescind the arbitration procedure and hence referred the parties to arbitration (UNCITL, 1997). In another case of Vanol Far East Marketing Pte. Ltd. v. Hin Leong Trading Pte. Ltd., 1996, the claimant had a contract for delivery of fuel at Yosu, South Korea. The delivery vessel had more loading than was allowed and hence the claimant entreated demurrage. The request was made but the same was discharged in arbitration. The claimant applied for leave to appeal to the High Court. As per Section 5(2) of the International Arbitration Act, 1994 the High Court gave its decision by stating that the place where the major part of contract took place and the place is the subject matter of the dispute are associated with Yosu, Korea. Therefore, in this case the adjudication is of international level and thereafter the High Court rejected the application for leave to appeal. (b) The arbitration venue which I recommend in Asia is in Singapore. It is governed by two separate legal regimes pursuant to the Arbitration Act or the International Arbitration Act. The Arbitration Act is for domestic arbitrations and for those cases where the place of arbitration is Singapore. The International Arbitration Act is applicable to both international arbitrations as well as non-international arbitrations where there is written agreement eneters between the parties. This is stated in Part II of the International Arbitration Act and the Model Law to apply. The arbitration center for Singapore is the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC). This is the main arbitration organization of Singapore. It provides hearing and support services to the people. It is geographically at a very good location making it easy for people to approach it. Also technically it is very sound and people in Singapore have a lot of confidence in it being an independent neutral third-coun try on the legal system and culture of the center. The SIAC has a fast arbitration procedure, there is high confidentiality and the center has been given additional powers to take decisions. Singapore arbitration has been recognized by the New York Convention. The fee structure compared to many Asian countries is low in Singapore. Therefore, these factors make Singapore International Arbitration Centre as the most appropriate venue for arbitration in the whole Asia (Brown, 2011). (c) SIMC and SICC shall be the choice of venue by business community for legal facilities and resolve local and worldwide commercial arguments. There are many reasons for the business community to choose the same. The first reason is that SIMC provides case management and organization services. It also helps in getting a deal by providing mediation services and making the parties understand the whole process. The second reason for the choice of SICc would be that under SICC the parties shall have the option for confidentiality in their case. Though in general the cases take place in the open courts but when there is no major connection of the case with Singapore and where the parties want so then the court shall apply such measures as required in order to maintain confidentiality. The third reason for demand for such institutions is that the judgments made by SICC can also be enforced in other jurisdiction by opting for mutual implementation provisions, or by opting for a shared law act on the ruling debt. These institutions are milestone in the legal services and resolution of local and worldwide commercial arguments (Baker Mckenzie, 2014). References: Spooner G. Moseley A., Why arbitration? Why Singapore?. Retrieved from https://www.lawgazette.com.sg/2001-8/Aug01-focus3.htmlUNCITL, (1997), Arbitration Database. Retrieved from https://interarb.com/vl/p967779490UNCITL, (1996), Arbitration Database. Retrieved from https://interarb.com/clout/clout209Mayer B., (2011), Asias Arbitration Centres - Hong Kong, China and Singapore. Retrieved from https://www.mayerbrown.com/files/Publication/Baker Mckenzie, (2014), Initiatives To Develop Singapore As A Legal Hub - the Singapore International Mediation Centre and the Singapore International Commercial Court. Retrieved from https://www.bakermckenzie.com/files/Publication/

Deviance Essays (528 words) - Criminology, Deviance,

Deviance When we speak of deviance, every individual can have a different definition of what deviance is and what it stands for. What I may take offensive, might be element of survival in your community. So to give a more specific definition of deviance, we can refer to a socially disapproved behavior or a violation of a social norm. Not everyonecan say that they would refer to deviance in the same aspect which is shown through the field experiment I have conducted. I conducted a field experiment in which I interviewed ten individuals, giving them a list of deviant acts in our society. I asked them to rank them from 1-15 where 1 is the least deviant act and 15 being the most deviant.. Each individual has a different view in relation to there personal lives and the communities they live in The outcome of the my research found many links between the age, sex and economic backgrounds, and the rankings There was a basic trend to the survey that did not surprise me. The highest ranking numbers were almost always, murder or rape, while the lowest numbers were given to embezzlement, and setting prices of machines. We see that the crimes that have immediate effects of a certain individual, such as murder, are on the ?high? end, and the crimes which effect a part or the whole community over time, are on the ?lower? end. The explain a lot about how our society is trained to think as a whole. We look at acts of violence played out on a single individual being worse than those on a whole economic system. Killing a young boy is worse than selling liqueur to him, that could kill him easily. In our culture we seem to be concerned only with the ?now?, not the future. When we step back and look at gender for a moment, we see some obvious differences. I first noticed that rape was rated number very different between men and women. Where as women rated rape 15-13 on the scale, men rated in 14-10. Think is because sociologically speaking rape effects more women then men, and therefore effect the scaling of the items. In differences between age group there is slight differentiation in the higher numbers, but the lower numbers, were very different from adults. While younger people rated selling liqueur to minors and being drunk in public the lowest on the scale, older adults rated them much higher. The economic based acts were also rated lower on average in younger people, than older people. Through the ?scoring? of each act, we can see how even the same society can influence different groups of people in different ways. We learn that age, sex, and economic background all have a great impact on of you view deviance. People in a with low economic status, rated violence and crimes against the individual higher. This could because they see violent acts happeninig in everyday life, whereas a person with high economic status, sees events that happen to the economy, or in the ?high-society? as more serious. The society ?teaches? us that deviance is not acceptable, and to be successful you must at all cost not stray from the path. The deviant act one chooses to participate in shows us how well the acts have internalized the cultures Sociology Essays

How does Charlotte Bronte convey the intensity of Janes experience in the red room Essays

How does Charlotte Bronte convey the intensity of Janes experience in the red room Essays How does Charlotte Bronte convey the intensity of Janes experience in the red room Paper How does Charlotte Bronte convey the intensity of Janes experience in the red room Paper Essay Topic: Literature The Haunting Of Hill House Charlotte Bronte conveys Janes experience of the red room as very intense, she writes in such a way, that it makes the reader identify with Jane and feel her isolation and sadness alongside her, and intense anger towards Mrs Reed. why was I always suffering, always browbeaten, always accused, forever condemned, Mrs Reeds spitefulness towards Jane and ignorance towards her own childrens malevolent mannerisms, frustrates the reader, ght forward, narrative language to emphasise Janes hatred and fear for himand compels them to feel involved in the novel and wanting to participate in the actions taking place. Bronte makes sure Janes fear of Master Reed is also well recognised by the reader, as when Jane is narrating her opinions of John Reed, every nerve I had feared him, and every morsel of flesh on my bones shrank when he came near she uses strai. Jane begins her story as an orphan raised by a wealthy and cultivated family; tension is created by the steady build-up of Janes anger whilst she is being berated by her aunt. This tension and its source are apparent in the novel from its very first chapter, when Jane is tormented and punished by John Reed and his hateful mother. As a penniless orphan forced to live on the unwilling charity of others, she is a second- class citizen, in some ways below even the servants you are less than a servant, for you do nothing for your keep, who certainly have no obligation to treat her respectfully. Her banishment to the red-room illustrates her inferior position with regard to the rest of her privileged household. In the early chapters, Bronte has one main task: to establish the young Janes character in the minds of her readers. She achieves this through Janes confrontations with John and Mrs. Reed, in which Janes good-hearted determination and integrity manifest themselves. Brontes meticulous description of the red room enhances the readers perception of Janes suffering at Gateshead, By describing all the aspects in a religious and gothic styled detail, it enhances the eerie and frightening emotions Jane is experiencing at the time of her distress. Jane Eyre draws a great deal of its stylistic inspiration from the gothic novels that were in vogue during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. These books used elements of supernatural horror, remote, desolate landscapes, and crumbling ruins to create a sense of psychological suspense, mystery, and horror. While Jane Eyre is certainly not a horror novel, the way Bronte touches upon this genre whilst still keeping in line with real life and reality writing enhances any slightly eerie aspects of the novel. Jane is terrified of the red room for two main reasons, the first reason is the supernatural and ghostly legend that encases it, Mr Reed had been dead for 9 years, and it was in this chamber he breathed his last. And the second reason is the di cor furnishings, and overall appearance of the room. She feels most intimidated by the large furnishings and the colour of the room, she describes it as chill silent. solemn and for anybody, young or old to be incarcerated in such a room would be truly terrifying. The colours described in the room, deep mahogany, stately reds; beige and other dark shades are typical of a truly regal stately chamber, but they are also characteristic of the gothic period that Bronte is writing in. Jane feels both physically and mentally overpowered in the red room, the sheer size of the space and furniture is so much bigger than her, it just makes her feel smaller than she already is. As her time in the red room draws on, her fear and anxiety levels dramatically increase, and she becomes spiritually overpowered. As she passes the mirror, her sub-conscious mind plays tricks on her because of her physical state, and she thinks she sees the spirit of her dead uncle. This must be frightening for her, or any child, to be locked up in a room, at such a young naive age. The intensity of Janes terror is portrayed in her reaction to seeing the herald of some coming vision from another world by means of her talking to the reader as if she truly believes that there is a ghost haunting the outside lands In the way Bronte describes the furniture, the bed is illustrated as a tabernacle, which is used for sacrifice in church, this is symbolical of Janes attitude towards the situation, she feels like she has been put to the slaughter by her aunt. The fear that Mrs reed is inflicting on this poor child is determined to have some long term psychological effect on her, she is told that God might strike her dead in the midst of one of her tantrums the intensity of Mrs Reeds admonishment is shown to the reader by the harshness of her words to a child that is so young, she is deliberately trying to invoke fear into the heart of Jane as a punishment for her wickedness she wants Jane to suffer as much as possible in that room and knows just how to make her do so. She seems to take pleasure in Janes discomfort, because she is a wicked person, with an unsympathetic heart. The ordeal of being tied to the chair was terrifying for Jane, she pleaded not the be restrained Dont take them off I cried I will not stir and she physically clamped herself to the ottoman she was designated to. Although she was feeling intense anger towards Mrs reed at this time for her error of justice, she still feels obligated to obey her and feel scared of her, even in a state of mind that would allow her to physically and mentally fight back. Showing this type of behaviour indicates that she has probably been restrained by Mrs reed before. Towards the end of the red room scene, Janes torment becomes unbearable, and seeing the phantom in the garden brings it all to a head. She physically breaks down and screams. She describes the ordeal as she was oppressed, suffocated, and endurance broke down when miss abbot and Bessie come to the door, Bessie does show some compassion miss Eyre, are you ill? but miss abbot, who is more like Mrs Reed reprimands Jane once again for making a noise, it is after this scalding, that Jane physically collapses and the chapter closes. Charlotte Bronte very successfully conveyed a sense of intensity all throughout the chapter. She managed to keep the reader in a state of suspense and sustained the level of action and passion right through the tale of Janes incarceration.

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Response - Essay Example Too many questions and arguments are always negatively eyed by the top management. And this is where Crux went wrong, he did not fit in the â€Å"get to know our business† by ignoring the hidden rules and regulations and misbehaved by putting too many arguments on the table. Answer: Crux believed that the American Dream is not uniform across the American minds and did not provide the minorities with the deserved strength and success. He felt that it was meant for only the elite class who became stronger with the essence of the American Dream and used the minorities as mere puppets on the money minting front. Crux’s notion of success changed from the belief that success is the result of hard work to success is merely working according to the top management. Answer: I can relate to Stephen Cruz’s experience because as you pick up the newspaper and magazines everyday it is filled with stories of injustices faced by the minorities. We are born and brought up with the lessons of hard work and morality, only to grow up and find that only the stronger people rule and the weaker get punished and this is the reality whether we like it or not. Answer: The issues brought up by Crux relate to Racism and Colorism. These two forms of oppression shattered his belief about hard work and success and made him a victim of ‘going with the herd’, depression and other hidden forms of oppression. ‘There are some form of oppressions that one has yet to find a language to name, for many hidden layers embedded in these oppressions are often difficult to reveal.’ (Orelus,

Bachalor of Commerce, Knowledge and Organisational Learning Essay

Bachalor of Commerce, Knowledge and Organisational Learning - Essay Example Knowledge management has recently emerged to be a successful management strategy that can help organizations manage the available human capital in the business (Noe and Hollenbeck, 2004, p. 1-3). People in the organization are most valuable assets and therefore recruiting and retaining knowledgeable, skilled, experienced and productive people have become highest priority of modern human resources management. This piece of research paper described knowledge management, as an HRM interdisciplinary and examines how it becomes relevant in today’s business landscape. This paper presents various elements that are relevant in the knowledge management process and examines various strategic perspectives as well as suitable technologies for fostering knowledge management in the business. Knowledge Management As Noe (2002, p. 168) noted, knowledge management is a management process that the performance of a business can be enhanced by designing, implementing and strategically aligning va rious tools, processes, systems, structure and cultures with a view to create and share knowledge among its people and to use for overall business purpose. The very basic three elements included in Knowledge management are 1) creation of the knowledge through some effective strategies, 2) sharing of the created knowledge among people and 3) making it available and useful for any business purpose. Knowledge Management has been found to be useful for the organization as it helps it get the products to the target market quicker, develop innovative ideas, serve the customer well in order to maintain customer loyalty and retention and achieve sustainable competitive advantages. As Boxall and Macky (2009, p. 10) emphasized, knowledge management helps a business achieve high performance working through various strategic processes and organizational development programs. Knowledge Management has emerged to be a management tool that focuses on data, information and knowledge among the employ ees in an organization (Awad and Ghaziri, 2007, p. 26) and encompasses the processes by which experience, skills, expertise, knowledge and abilities are gathered, then shared among the people and utilized so that these can be converted to collective organizational learning process (Foster, 2005, p. 397). Knowledge Management Models Explicit and Tacit Knowledge Knowledge management talks about creating, storing, sharing and utilizing data, information and knowledge either throughout papers, documents and database, or throughout the minds of people. This is a classification of knowledge based on where data and information are stored. When it comes to the management aspects, pure data and pure information have relatively less impact for a manager whereas structured data and information are relatively highly useful and effective measures that can be used to analyze and find solutions to issues (Noe, , 2002, p. 170). Based in the above classification, knowledge management is systematic p rocess and strategic approach for obtaining and making use of knowledge in the business throughout papers or documents or computers as commonly referred as explicit knowledge or sharing and making use of the knowledge throughout the people’s minds as commonly termed as tacit knowledge. To be more specific, KM is managing either explicit knowledge, or tacit knowledge or both together effectively. In managing

Analysis of U.S. Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of U.S. Foreign Policy - Essay Example The U.S. democratization policy was introduced and affected by President Bush in 2005 after his administration realized that the U.S. support of non-democratic leaders contributed to terrorism. This paper will detail on how presidency, interest groups, the news media as well as the international distribution of power has made democracy policy to be what it is in the Middle East. The American interests directed to the Middle East are not national interests. The interests of some groups such as small energy companies, banks, and well-paid lobbyists do not in any way present the interests of the majority of the Americans who constitute of working-class individuals from all social groups. In most occasions, the ruling groups portray their own interests as national interests. The ruling elites have evident interests in the Middle East that they have been pursuing for almost a century. Those interests can be referred to as imperialist interests because they center on Middle East’s energy resources (Epstein, Miko and Serafino 7). In advocating democracy in the Middle East, America aims at preventing the rise of popular movements that may threaten her control of that region’s natural resources. She also uses the foreign policy to increase the number of her military in the region so as to have effective control of almost all activities. All corporate media in the U.S., as well as international media, contribute significantly to making the U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East to be what it is. For instance, it is evident that the corporate media in the U.S. carry out their roles in favor of the government policies. The media in the U.S. portray this by barring the Americans from acquiring accurate information and understanding on all the activities carried out by their government in the Middle East and other parts of the world (Jentleson 567).

The Temptation Of Jesus In Wilderness Theology Religion Essay

The Temptation Of Jesus In Wilderness Theology Religion Essay In my paper I will examine Lukes gospel about Jesus temptation in wilderness. First by applying Bakers Dictionary of Christian Ethics I will examine the meaning of the word temptation, and how its being used in bible. Second I will shortly explain nature of temptation and why it was unique. Third I will examine Mathews Gospel of Jesus temptation by applying Christopher Morse perspective and see how it could be applied to community that lived in first century. Fourth I will examine Jesus response to Devil and the message that Lukes was sending to a community through his gospel about Jesus temptation in wilderness. Fourth applying Encyclopedia of Religion (EOF) I will explain how temptation can be applied to modern community and how modern progress and economy changed the perception about temptation. Fifth I will expand on how temptation of modern community related to consumption. Finally I will compare how community that Matthew wrote for similar to the modern one, also I will explain how they different and why some values and principals cant be applied to modern community same way it was applied two thousand years ago. Meaning of the Temptation Before start studying the passage of the temptation of Jesus, we must understand the meaning of word temptation. Origin word temptation comes from translation of Greek peirà ¡zÃ…Â  which means test or temptation. Temptation is not simply good or bad; it is a word that according to Bakers dictionary of Christian ethics temptation is used differently in bible at least in four different ways. First its Enticement to Sin, often used in bible to describe Devils action such as testing human on their faithfulness to god by tempting them to do evil. In regards when one is tempted to do evil and put responsibility on God, James states in his gospel 1:13 according to which explains that blame for humans sin should become their own responsibility. Second is Man testing god, often people say god give a sign, or if there was a god he wont let my friend die, however in (Matt-. 4:6-7) it is clear that we shall no put god to test. Explanation to why one should not put god to test can be explai n by looking at Corinthians 10:9 where states whoever test God will be destroyed. Third way temptation occurs in bible it when God put people to the test. According to new dictionary of theology God test people on their fidelity for him. Expanding on Gods test to people one must see gods temptation is not a punishment, but the test, for one whom God wants to use for his own purposes (Deuteronomy 8:16.). Fourth and final variation temptation mention is the Overcoming Temptation or how one can avoid temptation to do sin. In Bakers Dictionary of Christian Ethics lays clear explanation that by overcoming temptation to sin once, person become more capable of doing it next time. Examination of details that Apply to Jesus temptation Before proceeding to the detailed analysis of the story of the temptation, it is necessary to examine the few following details. First Jesus used his human nature to resist the temptation this explain his hunger in desert. Second the nature of temptation is such that they could only come to the one who has a totally unique authority and power, 4:3 this should explain importance Jesus battle against devil. Third whoever reads this story must understand that Matthew used Q source to create this gospel. This explains the details Mathew know about what happened during Jesus temptation. Finally this gospel of Jesus temptation should always be approached with reverence, because it reveals Jesus recesses of his soul and his heart, and because, Mathew Gospel shows through despite the struggle Jesus was able to resist Devil. Temptation of Jesus Gospel temptation of Jesus starts in 4.1-4.2 where Mathew describes how Jesus was taken to wilderness by Spirit and tempted there by Devil for forty days, and had nothing to eat. According to Christopher Morse perspective that in this type of setting Jesus was definitely hungry, which he explained that just like hunger real temptation cant be turn off. Which might explain the point Luke was trying to deliver to Christians, just like our human nature that cant live without food same way it cant avoid temptation. In response to Lukes Gospel 4.3 Christopher Morse writes that Jesus being in situation where he is hungry worries more about his spiritual condition rather than physical. To answer the question why Jesus refuse to turn stones to loaf of bread when he fed five thousand people with five loaves of bread (Lk.9 :12-17) and four thousand with seven loaves (Mf.15 :32-38) one must understand that Jesus only used his miraculous power for salvation of others. Also it shows that Jesus ex perience same physical feeling, as would any other man by being in similar settings. Deuteronomy 8:3 Now lets examine why In Lukes gospel Jesus responded to devil using Deuteronomy 8:3, and what was the important lesson it had for Christians that lived during the time it was written. Importance of that respond can be explained in bible in few different ways. First because if one is always concentrate on his physical needs it might make him no different than animal. Second, one should always choose word of the god, because it is the only real treasure that can save peoples soul. Pursuing further lets see how temptation and hunger can be applied to modern community. Modern community and Temptation In order to understand how and why modern community might view Mathews Gospel of Jesus temptation differently first one must understand the settings humans live now. Certainly lifestyle, principles and values for modern humanity are different to the ones that Mathew wrote for; however temptation that people facing now still topical more than ever. Now lets examine modern humanity value, principles, settings and how in modern age, temptation becomes part of one everyday life. According to TEOC the term Temptation in todays human oriented terminology is being used deficiently. For instance TEOC argue that in modern parlance the term temptation refers as a, Temporary breakdown in orientation that either inner developmental process or external factors appear to make necessary. This can be explaining by applying observation that is discussed in EOR, it states that modern society create the culture where primary value of life is to have rather than to be. Further EOR explains that modern s ociety live in world where educational system based around the success, with a economic system that promotes consumption. This certainly explains why western culture relays on modern progress. Lets speculate and apply what we see is being built usually in the first place; it is not the hospital, not a nursing home, no orphanages but the factories that produce goods and giant stores that sell them. Important to note that before it gets sold or manufactured, Corporation using advertising techniques that often build around person temptation, which in many cases build around their own ego. Living in world where every human consider a consumer led to humanity for establishing their own consumer rights. Those rights elevated to the new morality of certain laws, I have a right to consume what I see. Companies consume people, and people consume everything around them. With this kind approach humans have the mentality where consumption is not a temptation it is a right. Indeed we live in world were temptation fueled by advertisement techniques keep growing expanding every day. However just like temptation, consumption is also expanding and growing, this quite intensive growth of consumption becoming a great opportunity for governments and Enterprises to expand their profits. Modern progress allow governments and enterprises to produce enough goods to satisfy consumption, however in order to do so it must have enough materials. Temptation on Global Level There is no doubt that modern progress brining new solutions to our lives but at what cost those solutions come. Through modern progress, western culture made possible to solve hunger issues by creating and using materials that would be consider two thousand years ago meaningless. TEOC argue that western world lifestyle, leads to constant predatory exploitation of Earth resources. Modern humanity must understand the price of living lifestyle that promotes predatory exploration f earth. That price is not only our environment, but well of all humans around the globe. This temptation that is measured on world level scale have another disadvantage it often exploits third world using them for cheap labor and materials. In this case poor developing world is being consumed by the temptation of the wealthy developed world. Applying four temptation perspectives to the western world. Conclusion Indeed humanities lifestyle has changed for past 2000, and the way humanity see and accepts things is different. Conclusion that can be drawn here is that even though the modern might understand the term temptation differently, the meaning of that stills the same. We as consumer generation have to realize that when our temptation have no physical limits, consumption indeed have one, and even more if it is unbalance it can destroy us. modern community still have the power of will, using to resist the temptation will bring not only spiritual, psychological peace but also financial.

The Pro Life Fetal Rights Movement :: Government Laws Fetus Papers

The Pro Life Fetal Rights Movement Problems with format Pro-life rhetoric is reshaping history to make room for a new class of citizens. The members of this new identity group are called "fetuses," and their legal protection is crucial to the heritage of and future of America. Lauren Berlant, in her essay, "America, 'Fat,' the Fetus"; describes the pro-life motivation to present fetuses as a class of citizens, and thereby add "a new group of "persons" to "the people"" (Berlant, 98). To do so, pro-lifers exploit the current convergence of public and private spheres. In the intimate public sphere, citizens are defined not by a common civic duty, but instead, by a shared morality. In this crisis of citizenship, with no one quite sure of where s/he stands in relation to the norm, and everyone forced into an identity politics, the fetus represents the ideal citizen - utterly vulnerable and in need of government protection. Pro-life arguments describing fetuses as the ultimately silenced, victimized minority capitalize on the shifting meanings of citizenship to find a place for the fetus within it. By mixing the language of minority politics (asserting distinct identities of classes of people who are victimized by society) and Reaganite ideology (affirming the politicization of the private sphere overseen by the government (Berlant, 3), the pro-lifers constructed the fetus as an image of perfect vulnerability: "the unprotected person, the citizen without a country or a future, the fetus unjustly imprisoned in its mother's hostile gulag" (Berlant, 97). The fetus's vulnerability and minority status speaks to the plight of the newly distinguished class of normative citizens (usually white, straight, middle-class men). "The culture of national fetality also newly touches the previously privileged  ¨C because unmarked  ¨C unexceptional citizen ¡Ã‚ ­ His new exposure to mass-mediated identity politics makes him experience himself as suddenly embodied and therefore vulnerable. An entire culture can come to identify with, and as, a fetus" (Berlant, 86). Feeling suddenly embodied and vulnerable, only recently exposed to identity politics, the formerly unmarked, nondescript citizens can now, too, relate to the minority-identity that the fetus has come to represent. At the same that the fetus is achieving minority status, the pro-life ideology is also placing its fate into the tale of our nation, making protection of the fetus crucial to the country's future. "Since we "are" what we have always "done," we violate our true selves if we act in ways that are different" (Condit, 44).

A letter from Banquo Essay

I write to all of you hoping that this letter will find you in the best of health. As all of you know, in the past few days Scotland was struck with a great misfortune when King Duncan was gruesomely murdered in his sleep while on his visit to Macbeth. And I have reason to believe that Macbeth is the one responsible for King Duncan’s murder because he had the motive and the opportunity to do so. And as I recall our encounter with the three witches when we were returning from the battlefield I realize that the witch’s prophesy to Macbeth, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! that shalt be king hereafter† [Act1, Scene3,Line54] has embedded in him a desire to rule and be king which was further implanted deeper in him by his wife whose grandfather, Kenneth III was overthrown by King Duncan’s ancestor, Malcolm II, many years ago and was waiting for a chance to avenge her grandfather’s death. But what Macbeth didn’t realize was that he had started to believe what he wanted and did not see the three witches for what they really are. And with each day passing by Macbeth thought more and more of the prophecy that he shall be king until it was the day to name an heir to the throne of Scotland during which King Duncan named Malcolm as the heir. As Macbeth watched I overheard him talking to himself and saying â€Å"The Prince of Cumberland! that is a step on which I must fall down, or else o’er-leap, For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires; Let not light see my black and deep desires.† [Act1, Scene4, Lines55-58] which shows that Macbeth was seriously thinking about the throne and the prophecy. It seemed as if greed, ambition and voracity were beginning to take hold of Macbeth. And on the night we escorted King Duncan on his visit to Macbeth’s castle, I  noticed how Macbeth didn’t come out to welcome the King like Lady Macbeth did. Instead he only showed up at dinner time. And after everybody went to their rooms Macbeth came to my room and we agreed to discuss the prophecies at a later time. But I also said to Macbeth, † So I lose none in seeking to augment it, but still keep my bosom franchised and allegiance clear, I shall be counsell’d.† [Act2, Scene1, Lines32-35] hoping that this will stop Macbeth from thinking that I will help him make the prophecy true. Nevertheless what I had feared the most happened on that night; King Duncan was murdered. And as we all came to see what happened I could see a look of fear and guilt in Macbeth’s eyes. I realized that Macbeth had done what he wanted to in order to make the prophecy true. However Macbeth had not only killed his King who praised him for his courage and his valor, he also killed his cousin who was of his own flesh and blood. Indeed! What a true cousin Macbeth is. He was no different from the butcher who kills innocent lambs. All this time he thought that killing King Duncan would make the prophecies true but he never realized that he was deceiving and leading himself into a pit of trouble. None of us could have imagined that the courageous soldier who was loyal to his king could be easily corrupted by the witches’ prophecies. We all knew Macbeth as the soldier who fought for his king without mercy but it appears that his strive for ambition and his insurgent desire made him kill his own king and cousin without mercy. And if any one among you still does not believe that Macbeth is responsible for King Duncan’s murder then think back as to who had the strongest motive to kill the King and who could have done the crime without being suspected easily. It is Macbeth. My fellow Scots I believe that now we should take action against Macbeth for it shall be unjust if we let him go without punishing him for his bloody deed. In the end I hope that you may have found my letter convincing enough and I am certain that all of you will do what is best for Scotland.

Probability Distribution in Statistics

Probability Distribution in Statistics If you spend much time at all dealing with statistics, pretty soon you run into the phrase â€Å"probability distribution.† It is here that we really get to see how much the areas of probability and statistics overlap. Although this may sound like something technical, the phrase probability distribution is really just a way to talk about organizing a list of probabilities. A probability distribution is a function or rule that assigns probabilities to each value of a random variable. The distribution may in some cases be listed. In other cases, it is presented as a graph. Example Suppose that we roll two dice and then record the sum of the dice. Sums anywhere from two to 12 are possible. Each sum has a particular probability of occurring. We can simply list these as follows: The sum of 2 has a probability of 1/36The sum of 3 has a probability of 2/36The sum of 4 has a probability of 3/36The sum of 5 has a probability of 4/36The sum of 6 has a probability of 5/36The sum of 7 has a probability of 6/36The sum of 8 has a probability of 5/36The sum of 9 has a probability of 4/36The sum of 10 has a probability of 3/36The sum of 11 has a probability of 2/36The sum of 12 has a probability of 1/36 This list is a probability distribution for the probability experiment of rolling two dice. We can also consider the above as a probability distribution of the random variable defined by looking at the sum of the two dice. Graph A probability distribution can be graphed, and sometimes this helps to show us features of the distribution that were not apparent from just reading the list of probabilities. The random variable is plotted along the x-axis, and the corresponding probability is plotted along the y-axis. For a discrete random variable, we will have a histogram. For a continuous random variable, we will have the inside of a smooth curve. The rules of probability are still in effect, and they manifest themselves in a few ways. Since probabilities are greater than or equal to zero, the graph of a probability distribution must have y-coordinates that are nonnegative. Another feature of probabilities, namely that one is the maximum that the probability of an event can be, shows up in another way. Area Probability The graph of a probability distribution is constructed in such a way that areas represent probabilities. For a discrete probability distribution, we are really just calculating the areas of rectangles. In the graph above, the areas of the three bars corresponding to four, five and six correspond to the probability that the sum of our dice is four, five or six. The areas of all of the bars add up to a total of one. In the standard normal distribution or bell curve, we have a similar situation. The area under the curve between two z values corresponds to the probability that our variable falls between those two values. For example, the area under the bell curve for -1 z. Important Distributions There are literally infinitely many probability distributions. A list of some of the more important distributions follows: Binomial distribution – Gives the number of successes for a series of independent experiments with two outcomesChi-square distribution – For use of determining how close observed quantities fit a proposed modelF-distribution – Used in the analysis of variance (ANOVA)Normal distribution – Called the bell curve and is found throughout statistics.Student’s t distribution – For use with small sample sizes from a normal distribution

Free Essays on The Court’s Protection Of Criminal Rights

The Court’s Protection of Criminal Rights The basis of American society is rooted within the people’s possession and the government’s protection of civil rights and liberties. These principles, granted and guaranteed in the constitution, form the democratic foundation of the country. Among the most important rights to the United States’ democratic society are the rights to a reasonable expectation of privacy, granted in the Fourth Amendment, and equal representation under the law, as seen in the Fifth Amendment. Although the necessity of such provisions to the growth and prosperity of a democratic society is hardly disputable, the extent to which their protections extend is a topic of great controversy. During the civil rights movement of the 1960s, the constitutional protection of criminal defendants was greatly augmented by the Supreme Court headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren through a series of rulings. (Schwarz, 2003, 72) As the social and political events changed over time, so did the Court’s stand on the protection of these freedoms. In concordance with the changing times and ideals, the public’s view as to how far such rights should extend still fuels the argument as to how far the courts should extend the constitution’s protection of criminal rights. Reasonable Expectation of Privacy Under the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution, the â€Å"right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated.† Without probable cause or a warrant that specifies the object which is to be seized and the location of the site that is to be searched, police are not permitted to search one’s private property (Amendments to the Constitution, 2003). This constitutional right to privacy is an attempt to establish a balance of an â€Å"individual’s reasonable expectation of privacy and society’s right to control crime and ... Free Essays on The Court’s Protection Of Criminal Rights Free Essays on The Court’s Protection Of Criminal Rights The Court’s Protection of Criminal Rights The basis of American society is rooted within the people’s possession and the government’s protection of civil rights and liberties. These principles, granted and guaranteed in the constitution, form the democratic foundation of the country. Among the most important rights to the United States’ democratic society are the rights to a reasonable expectation of privacy, granted in the Fourth Amendment, and equal representation under the law, as seen in the Fifth Amendment. Although the necessity of such provisions to the growth and prosperity of a democratic society is hardly disputable, the extent to which their protections extend is a topic of great controversy. During the civil rights movement of the 1960s, the constitutional protection of criminal defendants was greatly augmented by the Supreme Court headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren through a series of rulings. (Schwarz, 2003, 72) As the social and political events changed over time, so did the Court’s stand on the protection of these freedoms. In concordance with the changing times and ideals, the public’s view as to how far such rights should extend still fuels the argument as to how far the courts should extend the constitution’s protection of criminal rights. Reasonable Expectation of Privacy Under the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution, the â€Å"right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated.† Without probable cause or a warrant that specifies the object which is to be seized and the location of the site that is to be searched, police are not permitted to search one’s private property (Amendments to the Constitution, 2003). This constitutional right to privacy is an attempt to establish a balance of an â€Å"individual’s reasonable expectation of privacy and society’s right to control crime and ...

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response - Essay Example In the analysis provided below, it is posited that perceived beauty or physical attractiveness is influenced by the individual’s culture, which means that self-images formed from these perceptions of beauty are also culture-based. â€Å"The ugly truth about beauty† by Dave Barry is an example of the cultural differences between men and women when talking about beauty or physical attractiveness. Evident in Barry’s discussion is the greater attention to detail that women give in assessing their beauty as compared to men, who seem to have a rather shallow or simple criteria in assessing their physical attractiveness to the opposite sex. Inherent in Barry’s analysis of the female perception of beauty is the influence of popular culture in the formation of females’ standard of beauty or attractiveness. Referring to this as the â€Å"Barbie† culture, the author implied how Barbie, as an icon of beauty in the early childhood among females, has provided the â€Å"ideal† yet unrealistic standards of beauty. A woman’s inability to meet these ‘Barbie standards’ would then feel inadequate and incomplete, as explicated in women’s attitude (generally) to being dissatisfied about a man’s assessment of her beauty—whether this assessment is a positive one or not. â€Å"The Scar† by Cynthia Audet, meanwhile, provides a thought-provoking and implicit interpretation of beauty, as perceived by a ‘scarred’ woman. The author had not only expressed pride in having the scar in her left cheek, but she also felt uniqueness in her personality in that her scar made her feel proud â€Å"as a reaction to the assumption that I should feel embarrassed.† Her scar functioned not as a source of embarrassment, but instead as a source of pride and courage to assert her individuality. The scar became Audet’s reason to become different from the people in her society—simply because she is different because of her scar. Like Barry’s analysis of beauty

My Driving Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My Driving Experience - Essay Example I was driving with my dad to the beach on a hot summer day when our car got stuck in traffic. It was a holiday and, thus, most of the people were out. Our car was at a signal. On green light, the driver in front of our car did not move. My dad has always been very short-tempered but, still, he kept his nerves. We got out of the car, and went to the driver. I saw that he was trying to grab his cell phone from the back seat that his kid has thrown there. â€Å"Excuse me! The signal is green from ages. Will you mind moving?† My dad asked him. â€Å"Yes, I will mind moving until I grab my phone,† he replied with much arrogance. â€Å"How rude that is!† Dad exclaimed, â€Å"Don’t you know you are bugging others in the line?† â€Å"No, I don’t!† He shouted at dad, â€Å"I’ll move, just go, I know I don’t have to stay here forever. Hey Jimmy, did you find the damned phone?† This time he shouted at his kid. The signal had already turned red again. My dad wanted to end the situation without any quarrel. But he looked annoyed, and this annoyed me. I wanted to punch that man right in his face. He really wanted some lesson. But I kept silent, and let my dad talk. â€Å"Hey man,† Dad said loudly this time, â€Å"I won’t allow you to be rude to me. Move your car right now. I’m getting late.† Everyone was giving horns and shouting at us to move. I could see all other drivers staring at us. The man had found his phone by then. He gave us a wave with his hand with a look as if trying to tell us to shut up. I heard him say, â€Å"Piss off, you old man!†... I could see all other drivers staring at us. The man had found his phone by then. He gave us a wave with his hand with a look as if trying to tell us to shut up. I heard him say, â€Å"Piss off, you old man!† That infuriated my dad, but I held his arm and told him not to indulge in quarrel. I could sense him getting furious. The man turned his ignition on, and moved away with a jerk staring at us which was even more exasperating. We, at once, got into our cars and moved away from the scene to unblock the traffic behind us. We, then, talked about road sense and driving tips. I could see that my dad was trying to make me learn how to be conscious on road. Although this experience was a bad one, but it left a big positive impact on me, since I found out how important driving sense could be. I decided to learn more about driving and road sense, and to be respectful to people I met on road. There was a lesson for me in this experience. I learned that, it is a very unmannerly thing to annoy other drivers on road, especially on signals. No driver should look hither and thither, looking for lost things, eating food, reading magazines, talking on cell phones, quarreling with other passengers, or doing things that distract him from concentrating upon driving. Hence, to ensure peaceful driving, drivers must stick to the indispensable dos and don’ts of driving, if they want to keep others and themselves safe and courteous. Safety of others is just as important as our own safety on road. This lesson was something that I learnt from the overall experience that day, and that has continued to make me a good driver since then. I would suggest the audience to drive positive lessons and impacts from any negative event that they encounter.

Has the Bush Administration made America more Safe as a Result of Research Paper

Has the Bush Administration made America more Safe as a Result of Exporting Democracy - Research Paper Example Export democracy bears semblance to colonization albeit in an indirect way. In medieval democracy, the Athenians, the French revolutionists, and the Russian Bolsheviks felt that the level of democracy and freedoms in their states was superior to that in the nations around themi. They, therefore, sought to influence and bring changes to the governments that neighbored them. In a way, the principle of export democracy played a role in instigating the process of colonization all over the world. For instance, Europe felt that their system of governance was the best and worth being assimilated world over. As history holds it, America adopted the western system of governance from its colonizers; it adopted its administrative system embedded on democracy with the freedom to vote and be voted for enjoyed by every citizen. With economic developments, the country became a world super power being both an economic power house and an epitome of political democracy. The feeling that the political system in the country had matured enough led the nation’s leader to believe that the system of government in the country was thus the best and could be adopted by other nations. In 1994, at the end of the Second World War, democracy was considered a giving to the Americans from the Europeans. The Italians were the major benefactors of this. When the Italian cities were being literally by the allied forces, a key participant of which was the United States, so did the reign of Nazi rule come to an end. The Nazi regime was an extremely authoritarian system that was led by a dictatorial leader; after its ousting, democracy was adopted in Italy instigated by Americans. The Italians incorporated democracy in their system of governance. It was a period of war it was not easily noticeable that the system of governance was being changed. In addition, the government could not resist the change since it had all its forces on the war front. For a country to completely change or influence the governance of a second nation, conflicts would arise leading to diplomatic ties being revoked. There are two ways through which a country influences the governance of anotherii. The first, which is diplomatic, is the imposition of conditions before giving out aid to the country. A superior economy would demand that certain changes be made in the system of governance before they send aid to the country. This has is used by governments even to date. The only condition that affects the use of this strategy is that the country that is to be changed has to be a weaker economy or in need of aid for these conditions to be met; this has always worked in the developing countries that always need aid the most yet they have the most autocratic systems of governance. The second strategy is the direct attack of a given government in an attempt to deliver the populace from the rule that is considered unfriendly. This would always lead to war and there would always be casualties. However, wit h international bodies at alert to object to such acts, the process would end up facing criticisms as a crime against. Furthermore, after all these, the preferred system would end up not being assimilated as in the long run the people are left to govern themselves. Bush’s Administration and Exercise of Export Democracy Bush was elected to office in 2001. His election was on a republican ticket. His

A view from the bridge Essay Example for Free

A view from the bridge Essay Marco is very different to his brother Rodolfo, who is fair haired and pale, as he is dark skinned and has dark hair, so he is a typical Italian immigrant. At first, Eddie likes Marco very much as he is very strong and hard working. Another longshoreman describes Marco as a regular bull and Eddie himself says that hes a strong guy. The audience respect Marco very much as he works this hard to make money for his family, which is a very manly thing to do. He also matches Eddies ideas on what it means to be a man this way as he is working to save his family and he feels that it is his duty to do so. Eddie feels threatened by Marco because he is more masculine than he is, and this is shown when Marco lifts the chair to show that he is stronger than Eddie. Marco also shows the audience that he is more masculine than Eddie because he doesnt try to continually show his strength to the other characters like Eddie does, and when Eddie breaks the honour code by telling immigration about Marco and Rodolfo, Marco shows the audience again that he is stronger than Eddie because he wins the fight and kills Eddie. At this point the audience do not dislike Marco, even though he has killed Eddie, as Marco claims that Eddie, by telling immigration about them, has killed his wife and children, so Marco sees it as masculine to kill Eddie in retaliation to Eddie killing his family. Eddies views on masculinity, and his actions against those who are different to them, eventually lead to his own death, after he loses Catherine, Beatrice, and his name, so it could be argued that he had no choice but to fight to the death. Throughout the play, the Arthur Miller (the playwright) has carefully selected his language to make the audience view the characters exactly how he wants them to be viewed. For example, he wants us to view Eddie as a strong and caring character, although Miller has also made it clear that he has a low education. He has done this by making Eddie have poor communication skills, and Miller shows us this clearly as he cant hold an argument and he often breaks in the middle of his sentences and sometimes completely forgets what he is talking about if he is interrupted. For example, when he goes to Alfieri to see if there is anything the law can do to stop Catherine and Rodolfo marrying, every time Eddie is interrupted he has to repeat himself to remember what he is saying and he says Listen to me a minute! in frustration that he cannot communicate his ideas effectively, and Miller could have done this purposely to possibly make the audience feel sorry for Eddie towards the end of the play, possibly because he only attacked Marco because he was unable to express his feelings in any other way. Miller has intentionally contrasted Eddie with Marco and Rodolfo, as the audience gets the impression that they are competent of expressing what they think, and so Miller could also have done this purposely as well, as this could make the audience think that both Marco and Rodolfo are more masculine than Eddie because of this quality. Miller may possibly be trying to show the audience that every man shows his masculinity in one way or another, and possibly that the most important quality of all is communication, as the one character who lacks this in the play is Eddie, and the lack of this skill leads to his death. In the play A View from the Bridge the playwright Arthur Miller has shown how masculinity, and how people view it, can lead to hostility and aggression, and he has used Eddie, the protagonist, to help show these ideas to the audience. Overall, Miller has done this very effectively, as Eddies death at the end of the play shows the audience where a mans opinion and a lack of communication can end. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Michael Porters Theory Of National Competitive Advantage Economics Essay

Michael Porters Theory Of National Competitive Advantage Economics Essay Porters Diamond suggests that the national home base of a firm plays an important role in shaping the extent a nation can create new advanced factors such as skilled labour, advanced technology and knowledge base, government support, and culture. Government and chance are two elements are not included in the four basic ones that form the diamond but integral nonetheless as either-or can influence the entire diamond. It is with these six forces and their interactions were studied for 100 industry case studies (Porter, 1990 26-27). The importance of this model is integral on these elements support or hinder these firms from developing advantages in the global arena, specifically from a firm-based perspective. Factor conditions pertain to the situation in a nation regarding various production factors, both man-made and inherited. These national factors directly affect the industries that subsequently develop. Demand conditions reflect the state of home market demand for products produced within the country, encompassing customer needs/wants, their scope and growth rate, and the mechanisms that transmit domestic preferences to foreign markets. Relating and supporting industries are key in determining a firms success, as the existence or non-existence of internationally competitive inputs reinforce and firms ability to innovate and remain competitive in the global arena. Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry pertain to the conditions in a country that influence a firms establishment, its organization and managemen t, as well as the characteristics of domestic competitors. Porter argues that domestic rivalry and subsequent quest for competitive advantage help provide the elements for repeating those same results in the global marketplace. In applying a real-world example, Porters Diamond will be used to offer explanation as to why the internet market is dominated by firms from the United States of America. Factor Conditions: An industry requires an appropriate supply of factors in its home base if it is to be successful. In the United States there are many specialized factors which apply to the internet industry in addition to generalized advantages that span across domestic industries. A high national income in unison with a large population meant expensive computer hardware and monthly internet fees could be obtained by millions and millions of U.S citizens. It is not selective factor disadvantages, but rather an abundant supply of capital, entrepreneurial orientation, and world-class educational infrastructure (computer technology included) that explain the industries dominance. Demand Conditions: The internet has been rapidly adopted by consumers and businesses alike. The United States has a high penetration of internet access. Virtually every major firm has a website. High disposable income means American consumers can afford to purchase a variety of goods online. This climate has created a rich environment for online only firms to develop and prosper within the U.S. Notable examples include worldwide heavyweight Google, Amazon.com, Ebay, Yahoo, Facebook, Twitter, and Netflix. Related + supporting industries: The United States benefits from local suppliers eager to help prosper by helping industries production, marketing, and distribution needs. Notable is Silicon Valley for its incredibly dense population of high-technology firms; creating an ideal climate with input suppliers closely and the human capital necessary. A culture that fosters entrepreneurship means many individuals are not afraid to risk capital in creating a new venture Firm Strategy, Structure, and rivalry: Following the tech-bubble of the new millennium, which saw the NASDAQ ** technology firms never truly recovered from their reputation as an industry that is volatile, ultra-competative, and ever changing. Many firms have sprung up with impressive growth only to crash-and-burn. This competitive environment however is key to understanding the nature of the industry. Obtaining and sustaining a competitive advantage can be enormously profitable for firms, but by being forced to closely monitor costs, raise productivity, boost product quality, and develop innovative products U.S based internet firms have been able to transfer these advantages only at a costs much lower. Having already obtained the advantage in their home market, they can enter the international marketplace with additional leverage in areas such as Research and Development, quality control, human capital, and overall management. In order to truly understand Porters Diamond theory, the International aspect is integral in forming the platform for which this trade takes place. In The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Porters fundamental objective from the start was to uncover why some social groups, economic institutions and nations advance and prosper (Porter, 1990, p. xi). In todays business environment with Globalization playing and ever more important role, Porter suggests that the competitive advantage of a nations industries is determined by the configuration of the four aforementioned elements forming the Diamond: factor conditions; related and supporting industries; and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. Foreign subsidiaries with strong internal capabilities and the ability to capitalize on host country opportunities may take strategic initiatives that areas important to a firm or industry as home country determinants(Morrison and Crookell. 1991). Although the domestic environment in which firms compete shapes their ability to compete in international markets, there is likely other circumstances beyond facing vigorous competition domestically in terms of continuously striving to improve their products that influence and offer insight into Firm based National Advantage. National policy and economics considerably influence firms ultimate ability to compete in the global marketplace; while Porter notes national policies may also affect firms international strategies and opportunities in more subtle ways, merely portraying various cultural influences, the geography, religion, climate, and political factors that greatly influence firm-based national advantage by acknowledging they affect each element of the Diamond is not adequate. Porters insisted that a firms ability to compete depends largely upon the strength of the diamond within its home national and the assertion that national economic performance depends on this. Both of these can be critiqued for relevance at a time when the world economy has become increasingly globally oriented, and the multinational corporation increasingly important. ***Dunning (1993, pp. 9-10) points out that in the 1990s an increasing proportion of the assets of firms in a particular country are either acquired from or are located in, another country. Despite this, many firms have a large proportion of their operations away from their home base and it is debatable to suggest that their competitive position rests uniquely upon the strength of diamonds in their home base. It is important not to confuse this with their initial move abroad which it may have initially been the catalyst. In questioning the Clarity of Porters Diamond, Daly (1993) for instance claimed to have significant reason to reject Porters claim that exchange rates and wages are not integral to determining competitiveness. He was able to demostrate that export growth and export shares are impacted by variations in exchange rate as well as labour costs. Despite this, Porters definition of competitiveness is more focused on national productivity compared to export shares. In asserting that competitiveness cannot be meaningfully defined in terms of low labour costs and favourable exchange rates (CAN, p. 7). claim Porters case studies lack a homogenous analytical tool to determine the importance and precise impact of each determinant on the industries competitive position (Rugman, A. M., Verbeke, A. 1993). They that it is extremely difficult to operationalize Porters diamond when putting theory into practice such as what a consultant or strategic planner would attempt I would argue that Michael Porters Theory of National Competitive Advantage is in fact important and a useful tool in understanding the factors affecting firm-based trade-theory, while still offering some analysis as to how country-based specifics influence firms actions and products and ultimately national advantage. As per Porter the determinants of national advantage reinforce each other and proliferate over time in fostering competitive advantage in an industry, thus nations achieve success in international competition where they possess advantages (Porter, 1990). Porter portrays that domestic rivalry as the major spur to innovation and hence success in international competition. It is clear no theory can single-handedly all trade flows in international trade but Porters Diamond is more relevant in understanding intra-industry trade of differentiated goods. This pertains in particular to competitive and dynamic industries where each element in Porters Diamond would be very releva nt in influencing product change while other country-based specifics play a minimal role. Rugman, A. M., Verbeke, A. (1993). How to Operationalize Porters Diamond of International Competitiveness. International Executive, 35(4), 283-299. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Dunning. John H. (October 1990) Dunning on Porter. paper to the Annual Meeting of the Academy of International Business, Toronto. Morrison, Alan and Crookell, Harold (1991) Free Trade: The Impact on Canadian Subsidiary Strategy. in Earl H. Fry and Lee H. Radebaugh (eds.). Investment in the North American Free Trade Area: Opportunities and Challenges, Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University.

Colonial Rule of the Dominican Republic Essay -- History Historical Do

In The Beginning The first instance of colonialism forced upon the inhabitants of the Dominican Republic was the â€Å"discovery† by Christopher Columbus on October 12, 1492. Ernesto Sagas and Orlando Inoa presented the interaction in their book The Dominican People: A Documentary History. The confrontation between these two diametrically opposed cultures proved to be â€Å"far from equal; the Amerindians’ Stone Age culture was no match for European military technology. The initial encounter took place on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, part of which is now the Dominican Republic† (Inoa pg. 1). This was the first step in a trek through five and a half centuries of Dominican Republic history, and unfortunately much of it was filled with the horror of colonialism. In fact, the Dominican Republic became the â€Å"hub† for the colonization of the America’s, and acted as the stepping-stone for European colonizers into a vast, never before exploited goldmine for both natural and human resources. As Sagas and Inoa discuss, the island of Hispaniola, "became the center of the Spanish colonial enterprise in the New World. It was in Hispaniola where the first major contacts between Europeans and Amerindians took place, where the first exploitative economic activities in the New World were developed, where Europeans first established permanent settlements and colonial institutions, and where the stage was set for the colonization of the rest of the New World (Inoa pg. 1.)." Thus the groundwork was established for colonialism not only for the Dominican Republic, but for the entire hemisphere. According to Sagas and Inoa, colonization was inevitable because interaction with Europeans was predictable. They wrote, â€Å"[i]f Christopher Columbus had... ...l developments taking place in the Eurasian land mass. The encounter was far from equal;† (Inoa pg. 1). It began as an unequal interaction, and has remained to this day a relationship of aggressor versus defender. Bibliography The Center for Strategic Studies. Dominican Action—1965: Intervention or Cooperation?. Washington, D.C.: The Center for Strategic Studies, 1966. Chester, Eric Thomas. The U.S. Intervention in the Dominican Republic, 1965-66: Rag-Tags, Scum, Riff-Raff, and Commies. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2001 Inoa, Orlando, and Sagas, Ernesto. The Dominican People: A Documentary History. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2003. Lundahl, Mats, and Lundius, Jan. Peasants and Religion: A socioeconomic study of Dios Olivorio and the Palma Sola Movement in the Dominican Republic. New York: Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group, 2000.

Case Write-Up

In the sense of the promotions, Population Services International distributed to both Raja and Maya $400,000 advertising dollars per year, which was the second largest of all advertisers In Bangladesh. Their approach was to skip the Intermediate level of Influences and go directly to consumers. In this case, It works to sell Raja condoms directly to the market since It's more like a one-time use consumer products. However, it'll be difficult for Maya to build up the brand image since customers perceived Maya as a drug, which will bring more concerns when people try to buy oral contraceptives.Hence, it still needs recommendations from doctors to convey the effectiveness and proper information about the drug. Third, the pricing of Raja and Maya can also be an influence to their performance when compared to their competitors' price. For example, Raja is priced more than competitor Tahiti, which is government sponsored condom manufacturer. The higher price of Raja made a premium image fo r customers to buy the condoms even If the price is higher. On the other hand, however, Maya is priced lower than its competitors, creating a hurting image that for oral medicines, cheaper may mean bad laity.And this situation got worse when it didn't get the recommendations from intermediate level influences. Finally, the distributions for both products were to focus directly to customers. So SSI planned to sell their products via pharmacies, general stores, and pan stores. Nevertheless, the difference in nature of these two products caused deferent performance. For Raja, it's easily to sell their products since men accounted for 80% of the purchasing behaviors of the birth control products.But it became difficult for Maya to have the same efficiency since people till prefer to see a doctors before decide which medicine is safe and reliable, which Is the critical cause for the sluggish sales of Maya. 2) How do you characterize the competitive environment in Bangladesh? That Is, whe n you look at SSI vs.. The other organizations In the space, how do they view each other? How does this differ from the other for-profit contexts we've studied? What might It mean for the strategy? ) Create a marketing plan for Improving sales of Maya Given the analysis that I described before, It Is the difference In nature that causes the difficulty to sell Maya successfully. In order to create a marketing plan for improvement, we need to modify the flaws in the previous one. To begin with I'll suggest to create a new brand. To explain, it's already been perceived by Bangladesh that Maya is a brand that is cheap and mistakenly regarded as an inferior product. Reputation, competing with their main competitors, which are the government sectors and Vast.So my recommendation for the price would be to price their oral contraceptives the same price around their competitors, getting rid of the inferior image of the product. Also, Its important to target their customers not only for males but males as well. The reason for this is because for the buying behaviors of the birth control products, 80% of the purchases were made by men. As a result. They can put more effort to their advertising to educate male customers the effectiveness of their products.Finally, to achieve SKI'S goal, which is to broaden their market share to help control Bangladesh population explosion, they'll need to increase their profit margin to retailers and RPM (Rural Medical Practitioners) in order for them to promote more diligently to the end customers to increase the overall market share. To explain, the profit for retailers now are low due to the low pricing of the Maya. So increasing the price of the product will enable SSI to provide higher profit margin to retailers, incentives them to put more selling effort to sell out new product.For Ramps, they can be critical since they are the one that can reach out to distant area and provide their recommendations to consumers. So including the in termediate level of influences will bring a better communication and education to customers, enabling a better brand perception and awareness of the new products. By providing more profit incentives to RPM, we'll be able to achieve this goal. 4) How will you evaluate your plan? How can you calculate the ROI? The â€Å"l† is relatively straightforward but how would you go about evaluating the â€Å"R? What challenges do you face in this regard as compared with most of the other cases we've discussed? How would you address it? In order for the plan to be feasible, we'll need to take into account multiple data and information from the current selling circumstance of Maya to make a thorough evaluation. To begin with, I'll conduct surveys to see how people perceive the Brand of Maya to make sure that the issue of he produce is the cheap quality and also to see the why customers are unwilling to try out Maya.Moreover, the COPY (Couple Years Protection) for industry and SMS (The So cial Marketing Project) products from Exhibit 8 is an indicator for us to observe the change of market share and growth rate from 1978 to 1983. And based on the change throughout the years, we can further conclude whether the approach for Maya had problem that need to be addressed. Finally, I'll try to get the distribution data from retailer, wholesaler, and smallholder to see how they sell their products in terms f the sales ranking of the products in the same category.Therefore, by using the data mentioned, we can reconstruct a new marketing plan for the new product and focus more on the culture of Bangladesh in terms of selling birth control products. Given our plan can be successfully implemented, we need to figure the challenge in the long run. And since the project is lunched by a not-for-profit agency, they mainly relied on funding to support their operation. According to the case, the barely earn profit by this product since the profit margin for the product is very low. Cha llenge, use project, longer no fund

RICCI Surname Meaning and Family History

RICCI Surname Meaning and Family History Derived from the Italian adjective ricco, meaning curly, the Ricci surname  and its variations are a nickname for someone with curly hair. A patronymic or plural form of Riccio. Surname Origin:  Italian Alternate Surname Spellings:  RICCIO, RIZZI, RIZZO, RIZZA, RISSO, RICCELLI, RICCIARELLI, RICCETTI, RICCINI, RICCIOLI, RICCIOLINO, RICCIULLI, RICCIOTTI, RICCIONI, RICCIUTO, RICCERI, RICCITIELLO, RIZZELLO, RIZZIELLO RIZZETTI, RIZZETTO, RIZZINI, RIZZOLI, RIZZOLA, RIZZOTTI, RIZZONI, RIZZONE, RIZZARI, RIZZATO, RIZZIERI, RIZZUTI, RISSOLO   Famous People with the Surname RICCI Christina Ricci - American actressRuggiero Ricci - American violinist Genealogy Resources for the Surname RICCI Meanings of Common Italian SurnamesUncover the meaning of your Italian last name with this free guide to Italian surname meanings and origins for the most common Italian surnames. Ricci  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Ricci  family crest or coat of arms for the Ricci surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. RICCI  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Ricci  ancestors around the world. Search the archives for messages related to your Ricci ancestors, or join the group and post your own query. FamilySearch - RICCI  GenealogyExplore over 680,000  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Ricci  surname and variations on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. RICCI  Surname Mailing ListThis free mailing list for researchers of the Ricci  surname and its variations offers subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - RICCI  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Ricci. GeneaNet - Ricci RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Ricci  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Ricci  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Ricci  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins